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James Hoban ( – December 8, 1831) was an Irish architect, best known for designing the White House in Washington, D.C. ==Life== James Hoban was raised on an estate belonging to the Earl of Desart in Cuffesgrange, near Callan, County Kilkenny. He worked there as a wheelwright and carpenter until his early twenties, when he was given an 'advanced student' place in the Dublin Society's Drawing School on Lower Grafton Street. He studied under Thomas Ivory. He excelled in his studies and received the prestigious Duke of Leinster's medal for drawings of "Brackets, Stairs, and Roofs." from the Dublin Society in 1780. Later, Hoban found a position as an apprentice to Ivory, from 1779 to 1785. Following the American Revolutionary War, Hoban emigrated to the United States, and established himself as an architect in Philadelphia in 1785.〔Frary, page 27〕 Hoban was in South Carolina by April 1787, where he designed numerous buildings including the Charleston County Courthouse (1790–92), built on the ruins of the former South Carolina Statehouse (1753, burned 1788).〔(History of the Charleston County Courthouse ) from HMdb.org〕 President Washington admired Hoban's work on his Southern Tour, may have met with him in Charleston in May 1791, and summoned the architect to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (the temporary national capital) in June 1792.〔William Seale, "James Hoban: Builder of the White House" in ''White House History'' no. 22 (Spring 2008), pp. 8-12.〕 In July 1792, Hoban was named winner of the design competition for the White House.〔Bryan, page 194–195.〕 His initial design seems to have had a 3-story facade, nine bays across (like the Charleston courthouse). Under Washington's influence, Hoban amended this to a 2-story facade, 11 bays across, and, at Washington's insistence, the whole presidential mansion was faced with stone. It is unclear whether any of Hoban's surviving drawings are actually from the competition.〔Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Record Group 42, National Archives, cited in Seale, pp. 10-16.〕 Hoban was also one of the supervising architects who served on the Capitol, carrying out the design of Dr. William Thornton. Hoban lived the rest of his life in Washington, D.C., where he worked on other public buildings and government projects, including roads and bridges.〔Frary, page 28.〕 He also designed Rossenarra House near the village of Kilmoganny in Kilkenny, Ireland in 1824. Hoban's wife Susanna Sewall was the daughter of the prominent Georgetown "City Tavern" proprietor. Hoban was also involved in the development of Catholic institutions in the city, including Georgetown University (where his son was a member of the Jesuit community), St. Patrick's Parish, and the Visitation Convent founded by another Kilkenny native, Teresa Lalor of Ballyragget. Hoban died in Washington, D.C., on December 8, 1831. He was originally buried at Holmead's Burying Ground, but was disinterred and reburied at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington, D.C. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Hoban」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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